On the perils side, prisons, jails, and immigration detention are rapidly deploying algorithmic and surveillance tools: “risk-assessment” and classification systems that shape custody, parole, and release decisions; voice-print and communication-monitoring systems layered onto prison phone and messaging networks; face recognition; electronic monitoring and “e-carceration”; and automated systems that calculate—and miscalculate—good-time, sentence, and benefits eligibility, often built and operated by private vendors and shielded from scrutiny. On the promise side, the same technology may give under-resourced advocates and incarcerated litigants new leverage—accelerating legal research, surfacing patterns across records and grievances, and helping pro se and jailhouse litigants navigate complex doctrine. Bringing together litigators challenging carceral algorithms and surveillance, scholars of AI in the criminal-legal system, and builders of AI tools for the defense side, this panel will map where AI is already reshaping prisoners’ rights work, the new harms and defenses it creates, and how advocates can both resist its abuses and responsibly harness it.